Trauma
An overwhelming event (whether objectively dangerous or not) can get ‘stuck’ to the point where the brain cannot process it as a memory. The brain and body then try to protect you from the event by activating survival responses. It can feel as though the overwhelming event is re-occurring, long after it has ceased. Symptoms can include any or all of the following:
- Re-experiencing
- Intrusive thoughts, images and ruminations
- Nightmares
- Flashbacks
- Physical sensations
- Headaches and migraines
- Muscular pain (and possibly fibromyalgia)
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Trembling
- Hyperarousal (being ‘on edge’):
- Hypervigilance
- Insomnia
- Irritability, aggression and panic
- Problems concentrating
- Avoidance
- Avoiding the triggers (e.g. people or places)
- Emotional numbing
- Substance misuse
- Dissociation
- Derealisation/Depersonalisation
- Dissociative identities
- Amnesia
About in about 1 in 3 people who experience severe trauma will go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Complex Trauma
Complex trauma is caused by recurring or long-term traumatic events, especially in earlier life or where escape was not possible. As well as some or all of the symptoms listed above, complex trauma symptoms can include the following:
Complex Trauma Symptoms
- Shame
- Guilt
- Feeling worthless
- Emotional dysregulation
- Feeling distrustful of and disconnected from other people
- Unstable sense of self
- Difficulties with friendships and relationships